(From Active Learning: Cooperation in the College
Classroom, by D. W. Johnson, R. T.
Johnson, and K. Smith, Interaction Book Company, 1991, p. 5:1-5:9; and
Teaching Tips,
Wilbur McKeachie, Houghton Mifflin, Berkeley, 1999)
ADVANTAGES
á
Increases instructor
awareness of student learning
á
Better suited to
developing higher order cognitive skills
á
Makes students feel
more engaged and welcome
á
More likely to change
attitudes
á
Gives more
responsibility to students for learning
á
Less information is
conveyed
á
Some students may not
contribute to discussions
á
Some students may
dominate or be abrasive
á
Difficult to keep
discussion focused on topic
á
Judging the
appropriate amount of talking by the instructor
ENEMIES OF THE DISCUSSION
á
Students may feel
that they are not learning
á
Students not sure
what they are discussing
á
Agreement arrived at
too easily
á
It is believed that
the instructor already knows the ÔrightÕ answer or is looking for the ÔcorrectÕ
viewpoint
á
Students have not
done the reading
á
Students feel that
the atmosphere is not safe to make errors or to voice tentative, unformed ideas