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| Investigators |
Elaine A. Borawski, PhD (PI), Erika S. Trapl, PhD, Natalie Colabianchi, PhD, Carolyn Ievers-Landis, PhD (Co-PIs) |
| Funding Agency |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RO1 HD41364) |
| Dates |
6/1/02 - 4/30/08 (in no-cost ext) |
| Abstract |
The goal of the initial study was to examine the effectiveness of two major alternatives for
teaching adolescents HIV prevention within the middle school environment: abstinence-only (Title V compliant)
and safer-sex (i.e., focus on protection and building risk resistance skills). The study followed two
cohorts of 7th grade students enrolled in one of three urban middle schools (n=1500) for 18 months, with
each school assigned to one of three approaches: abstinence-only program, comprehensive sex, and the
control arm receiving an intervention on nutrition/physical activity (walking) program. Intervention
exposure for all three arms included two years of in-class curriculum, school-wide social marketing
campaign, (e.g. bulletin boards, announcements, student designed t-shirts), grade-based events (e.g,
speakers, picnic). Outcomes include 6,12, and 18 month comparisons on both cognitive variables considered
to mediate behavior change (i.e, knowledge, efficacy, values, beliefs, social norms, intentions) and
behavioral outcomes (i.e., sexual activity, condom use and rate of unprotected sex). |
Development and Use of Audio-Enhanced Personal Digital Assistants in School Based Research |
| Investigators |
Elaine A. Borawski, PhD (PI), Erika S. Trapl, PhD, Natalie Colabianchi, PhD, Carolyn Ievers-Landis, PhD (Co-PIs) |
| Funding Agency |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Dev (RO1 HD41364-S1 and S2) |
| Dates |
6/1/02 - 4/30/08 (in no-cost ext) |
Abstract |
Two supplements were awarded by NICHD to develop and test a new technology for school-based data
collection among adolescents, applying ACASI (audio supported, computer assisted self-interviewing)
to small handheld computers (PDAs). The goal of the first supplement was to develop, refine and test
the software technology developed. The goal of the second was to conduct a comparative study of three
different data collection methods (self-administered questionnaires (SAQ), personal digital assistants
(PDA) and audio-support PDAs (APDA)) when used to collect sensitive behavioral data within the school
setting from young adolescents (11-13 yr olds) who are diverse in their cognitive abilities (e.g., reading
competency, acculturation, inattentiveness, and perceived burden of reading) and are placed in a test
environment where proximity to others is controlled. This project supplements the intervention study
(RO1 HD-41364-01A1) described above. Baseline data for the parent project was collected via the APDA;
however, we need more detailed information on the benefits and limitations of the APDA in order to
appropriately interpret our data. This information is also likely to be highly beneficial to other
school-based researchers. Dr. Erika Trapl, leads this project, which was used for her dissertation
thesis, and the basis of her future, independent work. |
Long Term Impact of the Healthy Teens Building Healthy Schools Project |
| Investigators |
Elaine A. Borawski, PhD (PI), Erika S. Trapl, PhD (Co-PI) |
| Funding Agency |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Dev (2R01HD041364-05) |
| Dates |
9/1/06 - 4/30/08 |
Abstract |
This continuation project follows the 650 adolescents from the first cohort of the Healthy
Teens Building Health Schools Project (see above) as they enter high school. The following specific
aims are to be addressed: (1) To determine the influence (12 months post-intervention) of the AUM and
CSE interventions (relative to controls) on an adolescent's discrete sexual behaviors, beliefs, and on
the rate of change in sexual activity; (2) To examine the effect of AUM and CSE interventions on the
timing and context of the adolescent's first sexual encounter (relative to controls); (3) To extract
the impact of AUM and CSE interventions on the developmental trajectories—the rate of change to reflect
learning and development effects—of adolescents' sexual behaviors and cognitive processes considered to
mediate behavioral change; (4) To evaluate the developmental trajectory of adolescent sexual behavior
within their social context, which is also changing over time. Collectively, these questions help us
model the variability in the influence of interventions over time, on sexual behaviors and its mediation
by cognitive and social processes. |
Evaluation of For Keeps: Impact of Program Intensity, Dosage and Facilitator Type |
| Investigators |
Elaine A. Borawski, PhD (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
DHHS - Family and Youth Services Bureau; Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Operation Keepsake |
| Dates |
9/1/07-8/31/11 (subcontract is renewed annually) |
Abstract |
For Keeps is a school-based, abstinence-until-marriage program developed by a Cleveland based organization,
Operation Keepsake. The Center has been subcontracted by DHHS to evaluate the For Keeps program and to examine
not only the general impact of the program on adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors, but also to determine
the impact of program intensity (curriculum vs. curriculum + wrap around programming), dosage and the type of
facilitator (outside trained facilitator or teacher/school personnel). Nearly 17,000 students in Northeast
Ohio receive For Keeps each year. The study will involve a group randomized trial, with schools being first
paired according to location, racial and SES composition of student and teachers and then within each pair,
randomly assigned to treatment or control arms of the intervention. Students will be assessed on both
cognitive variables considered to mediate behavior change (i.e, knowledge, efficacy, values, beliefs, social
norms, intentions) and behavioral outcomes (i.e., sexual activity, condom use and rate of unprotected sex).
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| Investigators |
Borawski (PI), Hayman, Adams-Davis, & levers-Landis (Co-PIs) |
| Funding Agency |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01) |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study is to test the generalizability of a community-based intervention (Be Proud! Be Responsible!) (BPBR) designed to reach younger, inner-city adolescents by taking the program into health classes of 5 urban and suburban high schools, targeting older adolescents (9th/10th graders), and comparing results to alternative health promotion intervention offered in 5 other schools. The primary goal of the project is to determine if the culturally sensitive BPBR intervention will be as effective when conducted: (a) within a high school health curriculum, and (b) among white, as well as African-American suburban youth. The secondary goal is to extend the theoretical framework
underlying the intervention to explore contextual factors (individual, classroom, facilitator and school) in
order to better understand the conditions under which the intervention is most effective in changing behaviors
(sexual activity, number of partners, condom use, sex initiation) and the cognitive mediators theoretically
assumed to precede behavioral change (e.g., knowledge, prevention/hedonistic beliefs, intentions, efficacy). |
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School Grounds as Community Parks: Modifying the Environment to Increase Physical Activity |
| Investigators |
Natalie Colabianchi (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation |
| Abstract |
The study utilizes a quasi-experimental design to examine whether renovations to children’s playgrounds result in sustained increases in physical activity. Specifically, this study will examine whether utilization and activity levels are higher at renovated playgrounds compared to control playgrounds; 2) whether utilization and activity levels at renovated playgrounds varies by subgroups and 3) whether environmental and demographic characteristics are associated with utilization and activity levels. |
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Environmental Influences on Physical Activity |
| Investigators |
Natalie Colabianchi (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
American Cancer Society |
| Abstract |
This grant assesses the role of the environment, both physical and social, on physical activity in a neighborhood in Cleveland. Specifically, this grant will assess the barriers, including environmental and cultural barriers, to physical activity in a diverse population utilizing focus group methodology. This information will be used to identify important correlates, mediators and modifiers of physical activity in order to develop quantitative measures (i.e., surveys and tracking forms) for theses constructs. |
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A Tailored Intervention to Link Primary Care Practices with Community Health Promotion Resources. |
| Investigators |
Sue Flocke (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. |
| Abstract |
This project develops and evaluates a web-based community resource Activating Resources for Community Health Promotion (ARCH). The ARCH resource includes a searchable database of local programs for smoking cessation, weight management, nutrition and exercise. In addition, patient education/activation resources and links are on the website which is easily accessible by both patients and primary care clinicians. A ‘prescribe for health pad’ is a key vehicle to aid clinicians in making lifestyle has been implemented in 7 primary care practices in diverse settings. The primary outcomes are rates of discussion of diet, exercise, smoking cessation and weight management; movement in stage of motivation to change each health behavior and change in current health behavior. Analyses of the quantitative outcomes and qualitative process data are underway. |
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Using Illness Visits to Provide Health Behavior Advice. |
| Investigators |
Sue Flocke, PhD. (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
National Cancer Institute (R01) |
| Abstract |
This multi-method study will identify specific communication strategies essential to creating a ‘teachable moment’ and will be used to characterize how the teachable moment arises, its structure and the content of the dialogue; and identify contextual features of the visit that may have enabled or impeded the communication of health behavior advice. Audio recordings of 800 adult patient-physician visits from a stratified random sample of 16 community family physicians will provide the rich data for the in-depth qualitative analysis. Longitudinal follow-ip of patients with one-month and six-month phone follow up surveys will be used to assess the outcomes of change in motivation to modify behavior and change in health behavior. |
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Dietary Adherence for Children with Chronic Conditions |
| Investigators |
Carolyn E. levers-Landis (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| Abstract |
The goal of this project is the detailed assessment of barriers to diatary adherence through semi-structured interviews, self-report questionnaires, and videotaped mealtimes and food availability evaluations in the home with children and adolescents with phenylketonuria, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia and their caregivers. Another goal includes performing a pilot study of a RCT of a family-based intervention to improve adherence to dietary and physical activity recommendations for children with a chronic condition. |
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Adherence to Lifestyle Modification for Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| Investigators |
Carolyn E. levers-landis (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
Schubert Center for Child Development |
| Abstract |
The goal of this project is to describe the challenges, family characteristics, and observed home environment (videotaped mealtimes and food availability) associated with lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity recommendations) for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes compared to two matched control groups (type I diabetes and overweight). |
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Improving Cardiovascular Prevention in the Clinical Encounter. |
| Investigators |
David Litaker (PI) |
| Funding Agency |
VA Health Services Research and Development Service Career Development Award. |
| Abstract |
This proposal will assist physicians in integrating cardiovascular disease CVD prevention more seamlessly and consistently into the clinical encounter by developing and testing the effectiveness of enhancements to the electronic medical record used in the VA. Using a randomized controlled trial design that capitalizes on random patient assignment to physicians by clinical management pods or “Firms” at the study site, this study tests the effectiveness of a new, multi-component, clinical guideline-based module within the existing computerized patient record system (CPRS) on improving screening for an management of an important focus of preventive management in diabetic patients:lipid disorders in those with clinical and subclinical CVD. The intervention consists of an enhanced or “smart” reminder in the computerized patient record system (CPRS) that will integrate existing functionalities including decision support, clinical information management, and patient education for self-management to better enable cardiovascular prevention in the face of competing demands in the clinical encounter. |
